Simple to set up and maintain, this superb model's caliper features Ice Tech technology which allows for amazing heat dissipation even under load. Its lever delivers the same light shifting operation as top tier systems, so you can enjoy outstanding stopping power at an attractive price point. This is the ultimate choice for riders who want to take their exploring further with superior mixed-terrain control. Technologies: Shimano Index System: Every Shimano equipped multi-gear bicycle includes Shimano S.I.S - Shimano Indexed Shifting. It's the technology behind that "click" you hear and feel every time you shift through your gears. That "click" captures the light, precise, and consistent shifting bikes equipped with Shimano deliver. It's the sound of perfect gear changes, of levers directing derailleurs in harmony, and the feeling that resonates into your hand, letting you know that your commands are being answered. Servo Wave Action: When you pull a Servo Wave brake lever, initial pad travel is fast, so little lever movement is needed to bring the pads into contact with the rotor. The power multiplication factor then increases rapidly at the pad-to-rim contact so more of the lever stroke is used to apply greater braking power with improved control. Reach Adjust: Each brake lever is equipped with a reach adjust mechanism. The distance from the handlebar grip to lever can be adjusted to suit any hand size, type of riding and individual rider preferences. Dual Control Lever: The Dual Control Lever has brake and shifting functions in the system and enables easy operation. Ergonomic innovation is probably more critical to the higher standard performance than the added gearing. The shift internals borrow the robustness from our MTB technology and are so smooth and effortless that one finger shifts front and rear are possible. Indeed, shifting is the ultimate act of Shimano Total Integration and simply has to be experienced to be understood. Ice Technologies: The fade, which can occur to disc brake rotor and pad when braking on a long downhill ride has a negative impact on the braking performance. Shimano has adopted Ice Technologies disc brake rotor and Ice Technologies pad to realize the cooling technology for consistent performance. The clad disc brake rotor blade, which has a 3 layer-sandwich structure of stainless steel, aluminium and stainless steel, provides better radiation performance achieving from 400˚C to 300˚C surface temperature. Also, the radiation fin has been adopted for the pad. Moreover, the clad disc brake rotor blade and the radiator fin provide long pad life, less noise, less fade and lightweight. One Way Bleeding: One Way Bleeding was developed for quick and easy prevention of air in our hydraulic system. We have streamlined the oil route throughout the system to prevent air bubbles from being captured in the system. One way oil routing plus a funnel tool with mineral oil provides an easy and clean bleeding system.
Balancing aerodynamics, weight, and affordability, the new Ultegra R8170 C50 wheelset is sure to inspire action on your group ride with its all-new tubeless carbon rim and updated, 12 and 11-speed compatible hub. Summiting climbs, carving descents, or cruising the flats, the new C50 is the jack of all trades among the new Ultegra R8170 wheel lineup. The tubeless, carbon rim features a 21 mm internal width that pairs nicely with wider, modern tires while the HYPERGLIDE cassette body is compatible with 11 and 12-speed cassettes. Centre-Lock Disc Rotor Mount The Centre Lock system makes an easy rotor installation possible with a spline mount and a lock ring. The lock ring mounting system reduces the total working hours by shortening the amount of time of both installation and de-installation. In addition, the secure fixing by the spline mount enhances precision and rigidity while improving braking efficiency. D2 Aerodynamic Rim Profile Aerodynamic performance is affected by wind direction. To create the D2 rim, Shimano engineers considered both frontal and crosswinds, aiming to achieve optimal performance in real-world riding conditions. Extensive prototype testing, in the wind tunnel and on the road, proved that a wide rim shape with a deep tire bed performs best across a wide range of conditions. At yaw angles ranging from 0 to 15 degrees, the Shimano D2 rim profile reduces air drag better than others aero shape rims. This rim design also boosts lateral wheel stiffness and offers improved vertical compliance for increased control, comfort and durability on the road. Shimano E-Thru Axle System The tool-less type thru-axle skewer system optimizes rigidity and weight balance and enables easy operation with a reliable internal cam mechanism. The 15 mm thru-axle system is 15% stiffer torsionally and 25% stiffer in transverse shear than a traditional 9 mm quick release front axle system. High rigidity is secured while keeping the optimum weight balance. The E-Thru axle hub system minimizes the distortion of suspension while maintaining lightweight for riding around sharp corners at high speed. Rear Wheel OPTBAL Spoke System The OPTBAL rear wheel spoke system features 21 spokes—14 on the drive side and 7 on the non-drive side. Cassette spacing in today’s wheels produces unbalanced tension in traditional 1:1 spoke systems. This unbalance is intensified with the 11-speed cassette, producing nearly double the tension on the drive side spokes. Generally, high and low tension spokes have respectively tendency toward breaking down and coming loose spoke nipples. Unbalanced tension affects durability and strength. The OPTBAL design rebalances spoke tension, enhancing wheel rigidity and strength for a more durable wheel.
Road riding has never been this much fun. That's because the redesigned Ultegra ST-R8170 Dual Control Levers have all-new ergonomics, even more precise brake modulation, and wireless electronic shifting. This trifecta lets you focus on the next sprint, the next descent, or the next joke from your riding partner. Shimano's new Ultegra ST-R8170 brake levers bring enhanced modulation and control to every ride by employing Shimano's proven SERVO WAVE technology. The all-new Di2 platform, used on both Dura-Ace and Ultegra, untethers the shifters while delivering the world's fastest, most reliable wireless shifting. Your time on the bike is precious, let Shimano make it even better. Servo Wave Precise Braking Control When you pull a Servo Wave brake lever, initial pad travel is fast, so little lever movement is needed to bring the pads into contact with the rotor. The power multiplication factor then increases rapidly at the pad-to-rim contact so more of the lever stroke is used to apply greater braking power with improved control. Shimano DCL Dual Control Lever DCL stands for Dual Control Lever. It has brake and shifting functions in the system and enables easy operation. Ergonomic innovation is as critical to higher standard performance as the added gearing. The shift internals borrows the robustness from Shimano's MTB technology and is so smooth and effortless that one finger shifts front and rear are possible. Indeed, shifting is the ultimate act of Shimano Total Integration and simply has to be experienced to be understood. Please Note: this model is for the Shimano Ultegra R8170 Di2 12 Speed Disc Shifter only - the hydraulic brake caliper is sold separately.
High performance Ultegra Wireless hydraulic Servo Wave disc brake Di2 STI's give you control, modulation and power with minimal effort in all riding conditions Wireless connectivity to the front and rear derailleurs for effortless trouble free gear shifts,With Di2 technology shifting is easy and precise - just a light touch, as soft as a mouse click, is sufficient for the front or rear derailleur to instantaneously select the correct gear,Full and semi synchronized shifting programable, Synchro shift compatible meaning a single shifter can control both front and rear shifting which can be fully custom tuned to your riding preferences. Semi synchronized shifting means when a front shift is made the rear mech will automatically correct to the appropriate ratio,Simply pressing tactile buttons allows effortless and comfortable shifting even when your hands are cold,Drop bar STI with shift buttons located in a near identical place to the positions you'd assume shifting using a mechanical Shimano STI,Hydraulic brake lever with Servo Wave provides excellent stopping power with less effort especially from the hood position,Hydraulic reservoir tank provides pad to rotor clearance auto-adjust maintaining braking performance during pad wear,Finely tuneable reach adjusters for the levers enable custom fitment for all hands,Levers use CR1632 batteries which last for approximately 1.5-2 years.
Shimano Ultegra R8170 C50 Carbon CL Disc WheelThe Shimano Ultegra R8170 C50 Wheel features a 50mm-deep full carbon tubeless ready rim with Shimano D2 rim profiling. This rim offers exceptional aerodynamic efficiency and agility while maintaining stability and control during strong cross winds. Suited to climbing sessions, long-distance fast events and epic endurance rides, this wheel features a centre lock disc rotor mount and is compatible with Shimano 11 and 12-Speed drivetrain systems.Balancing aerodynamics, weight, and affordability, the new Ultegra R8170 C50 wheelset is sure to inspire action on your group ride with its all-new tubeless carbon rim and updated, 12 and 11-speed compatible hub. Summiting climbs, carving descents, or cruising the flats, the new C50 is the jack of all trades among the new Ultegra R8170 wheel lineup. The tubeless, carbon rim features a 21 mm internal width that pairs nicely with wider, modern tires while the HYPERGLIDE cassette body is compatible with 11 and 12-speed cassettes. Centre-Lock Disc Rotor MountThe Centre Lock system makes an easy rotor installation possible with a spline mount and a lock ring. The lock ring mounting system reduces the total working hours by shortening the amount of time of both installation and de-installation. In addition, the secure fixing by the spline mount enhances precision and rigidity while improving braking efficiency. D2 Aerodynamic Rim ProfileAerodynamic performance is affected by wind direction. To create the D2 rim, Shimano engineers considered both frontal and crosswinds, aiming to achieve optimal performance in real-world riding conditions. Extensive prototype testing, in the wind tunnel and on the road, proved that a wide rim shape with a deep tire bed performs best across a wide range of conditions. At yaw angles ranging from 0 to 15 degrees, the Shimano D2 rim profile reduces air drag better than others aero shape rims. This rim design also boosts lateral wheel stiffness and offers improved vertical compliance for increased control, comfort and durability on the road. Shimano E-Thru Axle SystemThe tool-less type thru-axle skewer system optimizes rigidity and weight balance and enables easy operation with a reliable internal cam mechanism. The 15 mm thru-axle system is 15% stiffer torsionally and 25% stiffer in transverse shear than a traditional 9 mm quick release front axle system. High rigidity is secured while keeping the optimum weight balance. The E-Thru axle hub system minimizes the distortion of suspension while maintaining lightweight for riding around sharp corners at high speed. Rear Wheel OPTBAL Spoke SystemThe OPTBAL rear wheel spoke system features 21 spokes—14 on the drive side and 7 on the non-drive side. Cassette spacing in today's wheels produces unbalanced tension in traditional 1:1 spoke systems. This unbalance is intensified with the 11-speed cassette, producing nearly double the tension on the drive side spokes. Generally, high and low tension spokes have respectively tendency toward breaking down and coming loose spoke nipples. Unbalanced tension affects durability and strength. The OPTBAL design rebalances spoke tension, enhancing wheel rigidity and strength for a more durable wheel. Features: Series: Ultegra R8100 Series Rim: Carbon Tubeless Ready 50mm height full carbon rim Internal Rim Width: 21 mm Shared rim profile with R9200 Dura-Ace wheels Improved aerodynamics Axle: 12 mm E-THRU Rear Speeds: 11/12-Speed Shimano Disc Rotor Mount: Centre Lock Weight: Front: 698g; Rear: 872gA 2-year warranty is offered with all Shimano products from Chain Reaction Cycles (3 years on Dura-Ace and XTR products).Buy Shimano Components from Chain Reaction Cycles, the World's Largest Online Bike Store.
Shimano Ultegra R8170 Di2 12 Speed Disc ShifterThe Ultegra R8170 Di2 12 Speed Disc Shifter from Shimano is compatible Shimano Di2 electronic drivetrain systems and Servo Wave hydraulic disc brakes. This shifter system offers exceptional comfort and easy-to-use ergonomics with lighter and smoother brake lever action and exceptional gear shifting accuracy in all weather conditions.Road riding has never been this much fun. That's because the redesigned Ultegra ST-R8170 Dual Control Levers have all-new ergonomics, even more precise brake modulation, and wireless electronic shifting. This trifecta lets you focus on the next sprint, the next descent, or the next joke from your riding partner. Shimano's new Ultegra ST-R8170 brake levers bring enhanced modulation and control to every ride by employing Shimano's proven Servo Wave technology. The all-new Di2 platform, used on both Dura-Ace and Ultegra, untethers the shifters while delivering the world's fastest, most reliable wireless shifting. Your time on the bike is precious, let Shimano make it even better. Servo Wave Precise Braking ControlWhen you pull a Servo Wave brake lever, initial pad travel is fast, so little lever movement is needed to bring the pads into contact with the rotor. The power multiplication factor then increases rapidly at the pad-to-rim contact so more of the lever stroke is used to apply greater braking power with improved control. Shimano DCL Dual Control LeverDCL stands for Dual Control Lever. It has brake and shifting functions in the system and enables easy operation. Ergonomic innovation is as critical to higher standard performance as the added gearing. The shift internals borrows the robustness from Shimano's MTB technology and is so smooth and effortless that one finger shifts front and rear are possible. Indeed, shifting is the ultimate act of Shimano Total Integration and simply has to be experienced to be understood. Please Note: this model is for the Shimano Ultegra R8170 Di2 12 Speed Disc Shifter only - the hydraulic brake caliper is sold separately. Features: Clean Cockpit: Electronic connection enhances the aerodynamic effect and ensures easy maintenance Unparalleled ergonomics engineering refined with pros' feedback Raised hood peak improves ergonomics Optimised brake control Lighter, smoother lever action Enhanced modulation thanks to an expanded braking control area Compatible with wired and wireless connection Available for use with additional satellite shifters High electronic energy efficiency 1.5 to 2 years of battery life with easy-to-change CR1632 shifter batteriesA 2-year warranty is offered with all Shimano products from Chain Reaction Cycles (3 years on Dura-Ace and XTR products).Buy Shimano Components from Chain Reaction Cycles, the World's Largest Online Bike Store.
Shimano GRX 810 2x11 Speed Disc BrakeThis highly-efficient 11 speed disc brake is perfect for gravel riding as it delivers greater mixed-terrain control. Its lever features the same light shifting operation as top tier systems, so you can enjoy outstanding stopping power at an affordable price. Simple to set up and maintain, its caliper uses some of the best Shimano technologies such as Ice Tech, which allows for excellent heat dissipation even under load. Bringing you greater multi-surface braking control, this brake is a perfect choice of upgrade for riders who want to take their adventures further than before.Features: Use: Gravel, Road Speed: 11 speed Reach Adjust: Tooled Oil: Mineral oil Excellent heat dissipation Convenient tool access Easy and clean bleeding system Simple set up and maintenance Technologies: Shimano Index System: Every Shimano equipped multi-gear bicycle includes Shimano S.I.S - Shimano Indexed Shifting. It's the technology behind that "click" you hear and feel every time you shift through your gears. That "click" captures the light, precise, and consistent shifting bikes equipped with Shimano deliver. It's the sound of perfect gear changes, of levers directing derailleurs in harmony, and the feeling that resonates into your hand, letting you know that your commands are being answered. Servo Wave Action: When you pull a Servo Wave brake lever, initial pad travel is fast, so little lever movement is needed to bring the pads into contact with the rotor. The power multiplication factor then increases rapidly at the pad-to-rim contact so more of the lever stroke is used to apply greater braking power with improved control. Reach Adjust: Each brake lever is equipped with a reach adjust mechanism. The distance from the handlebar grip to lever can be adjusted to suit any hand size, type of riding and individual rider preferences. Dual Control Lever: The Dual Control Lever has brake and shifting functions in the system and enables easy operation. Ergonomic innovation is probably more critical to the higher standard performance than the added gearing. The shift internals borrow the robustness from our MTB technology and are so smooth and effortless that one finger shifts front and rear are possible. Indeed, shifting is the ultimate act of Shimano Total Integration and simply must be experienced to be understood. Ice Technologies: The fade, which can occur to disc brake rotor and pad when braking on a long downhill ride has a negative impact on the braking performance. Shimano has adopted Ice Technologies disc brake rotor and Ice Technologies pad to realize the cooling technology for consistent performance. The clad disc brake rotor blade, which has a 3 layer-sandwich structure of stainless steel, aluminium and stainless steel, provides better radiation performance achieving from 400˚C to 300˚C surface temperature. Also, the radiation fin has been adopted for the pad. Moreover, the clad disc brake rotor blade and the radiator fin provide long pad life, less noise, less fade and lightweight. One Way Bleeding: One Way Bleeding was developed for quick and easy prevention of air in our hydraulic system. We have streamlined the oil route throughout the system to prevent air bubbles from being captured in the system. One-way oil routing plus a funnel tool with mineral oil provides an easy and clean bleeding system.Click HERE to check out the Shimano Brake Reference Guides.A 2-year warranty is offered with all Shimano products from Chain Reaction Cycles (3 years on Dura-Ace and XTR products).Buy Shimano Components from Chain Reaction Cycles, the World's Largest Online Bike Store.
Shimano GRX 810 2x11 Speed Disc BrakeThis highly-efficient 11 speed disc brake is perfect for gravel riding as it delivers greater mixed-terrain control. Its lever features the same light shifting operation as top tier systems, so you can enjoy outstanding stopping power at an affordable price. Simple to set up and maintain, its caliper uses some of the best Shimano technologies such as Ice Tech, which allows for excellent heat dissipation even under load. Bringing you greater multi-surface braking control, this brake is a perfect choice of upgrade for riders who want to take their adventures further than before.Features: Use: Gravel, Road Speed: 11 speed Reach Adjust: Tooled Oil: Mineral oil Excellent heat dissipation Convenient tool access Easy and clean bleeding system Simple set up and maintenance Technologies: Shimano Index System: Every Shimano equipped multi-gear bicycle includes Shimano S.I.S - Shimano Indexed Shifting. It's the technology behind that "click" you hear and feel every time you shift through your gears. That "click" captures the light, precise, and consistent shifting bikes equipped with Shimano deliver. It's the sound of perfect gear changes, of levers directing derailleurs in harmony, and the feeling that resonates into your hand, letting you know that your commands are being answered. Servo Wave Action: When you pull a Servo Wave brake lever, initial pad travel is fast, so little lever movement is needed to bring the pads into contact with the rotor. The power multiplication factor then increases rapidly at the pad-to-rim contact so more of the lever stroke is used to apply greater braking power with improved control. Reach Adjust: Each brake lever is equipped with a reach adjust mechanism. The distance from the handlebar grip to lever can be adjusted to suit any hand size, type of riding and individual rider preferences. Dual Control Lever: The Dual Control Lever has brake and shifting functions in the system and enables easy operation. Ergonomic innovation is probably more critical to the higher standard performance than the added gearing. The shift internals borrow the robustness from our MTB technology and are so smooth and effortless that one finger shifts front and rear are possible. Indeed, shifting is the ultimate act of Shimano Total Integration and simply must be experienced to be understood. Ice Technologies: The fade, which can occur to disc brake rotor and pad when braking on a long downhill ride has a negative impact on the braking performance. Shimano has adopted Ice Technologies disc brake rotor and Ice Technologies pad to realize the cooling technology for consistent performance. The clad disc brake rotor blade, which has a 3 layer-sandwich structure of stainless steel, aluminium and stainless steel, provides better radiation performance achieving from 400˚C to 300˚C surface temperature. Also, the radiation fin has been adopted for the pad. Moreover, the clad disc brake rotor blade and the radiator fin provide long pad life, less noise, less fade and lightweight. One Way Bleeding: One Way Bleeding was developed for quick and easy prevention of air in our hydraulic system. We have streamlined the oil route throughout the system to prevent air bubbles from being captured in the system. One-way oil routing plus a funnel tool with mineral oil provides an easy and clean bleeding system.Click HERE to check out the Shimano Brake Reference Guides.A 2-year warranty is offered with all Shimano products from Chain Reaction Cycles (3 years on Dura-Ace and XTR products).Buy Shimano Components from Chain Reaction Cycles, the World's Largest Online Bike Store.
The Shimano RS710 C32 disc-brake rear wheel is a great option if you’re looking, either to upgrade your bike’s wheels one at a time or if you simply need a spare. If it’s a full wheelset you’re looking for check out the RS710 C32 wheelset The famed Japanese-component makers have used this series to introduce their most affordable, carbon, road wheel ever. That being said, while it might be a more budget conscious option, that’s not to say its lacking in quality. As is the norm with Shimano’s mid-tier products, this wheel benefits from the technological advances that have been striven for in the production of their top-tier products. The end product is a wheel that’s impressively light—considering the price point—but also incorporates some of the aero-optimisation you’d expect of a modern wheel. Climbing Excellence The Shimano RS710 C32 rear is the perfect for those days spent climbing in the Alps. Weighing a respectable 839g, while there might be lighter wheels out there, at this price point it represents excellent value. In terms of design, the styling has been kept sleek and minimal. This is a stylish hoop in its own, but being so simplistic in its design it will also pair well with a number of other wheels without looking too out of place. Wider Rim, Better Braking As has become the norm in modern wheels, the RS710 C32 has been engineered to be wider than it might have been in the past. The hooked-rim profile is designed to optimally seat a 25mm to 32mm, tubeless tyre. Using a wider, tubeless tyre means you can run your tyres at lower pressures. For the traditionalists, used to pumping up 23mm tyres to 120psi, this might be something of an adjustment. But, rest assured, the accepted wisdom today is that the lower-pressure-wider-tyre combo is faster and more resilient to punctures. The RS710 C32 rear wheel has been engineered for hydraulic disc brakes; the benefits of which are numerous. With the latest disc brake technology, you’ll have consistent stopping power in the wet and on steep and/or long descents. Whether you’re in need of a replacement rear carbon wheel or an upgrade, the Shimano RS710 C46 is an aero-optimised, reliable option. Product Features 32mm rim depth Weight: 839g Internal-rim width of 21mm External-rim width of 28mm 24 spokes, bladed and butted Tubeless Ready Disc mount: Center-Lock 140 mm disc brake rotor compatible Recommended Tyre Size: 25-622—32-622 Pawl and Ratchet Engagement
The Shimano RS710 C46 rear, disc-brake wheelset is an aero-optimised performance wheel. It’s perhaps the Japanese-component maker’s most affordable carbon wheel for the road, ever; but that’s not say it’s lacking in performance characteristics. In their usual fashion, Shimano have drawn on their design and engineering expertise honed in manufacturing their top-tier Dura-Ace and Ultegra lines, to produce a set of wheels that offers an excellent balance between aerodynamic advantage and weight. In short, this is a great all-rounder option. If it’s a complete wheelset you’re looking for, check out the RS710 C46 wheelset. The All-Rounder As the name suggests, the Shimano RS710 C46 rear has a 46mm-deep rim. At this depth, it’s clear the rim is meant for speed. However, at 893g it only comes with a slight weight penalty compared to its shallower sibling, making it an ideal all-rounder. Whether it’s for fast bunch riding or rides over mixed terrain, this is an excellent option. Wider Rims, More Speed Cutting-edge component makers that they are, Shimano have produced a wider rim than we might have expected in the past. Boasting a 21mm-internal rim width, the C46s will seat a 25–32mm tyre, which can also be tubeless. This offers a number of benefits to slimmer tyres. For one, a wider tyre will work more effectively at lower pressures, which improves comfort and grip, as well as reducing rolling resistance. Ultimately this translates to more speed for less effort. And, who could complain about that? The Shimano RS710 C46 rear uses hydraulic disc-brakes. Using the latest disc-brake technology you’ll have access to the consistent stopping power afforded by these systems. Whether it’s wet or dry or you’re descending long and/or steep mountains, you’ll have confidence in your stopping abilities. Of course, the rear wheel is the hub of it all, literally. For this edition, Shimano have retained the cup-and-cone style bearings for the hub, common across much of their range. It’s a simple and reliable system, which has been tried and tested for a number of years. If it’s a carbon, all-rounder rear wheel, that’s at the more affordable end of the spectrum you seek then the Shimano RS710 C46 is the well-worth consideration. Product Features 46mm rim depth Compatible with 11- and 12-speed Weight: 893g Internal-rim width of 21mm External-rim width of 28mm Spoke count: 24 front and rear Hub design: cup and cone Pawl and Ratchet Engagement Tubeless-tyre compatible 11- and 12-speed
New ULTEGRA R8000 series is "pro-proven" as it is a direct trickle down from DURA-ACE groupset. As road bike component, the stress-free operation is one of the most important feature to lead all day riding comfort with braking and shifting.Available with or without Brake Caliper and MountKey Features:Smaller lever size and new positioning improves ergonomics,Dedicated lever control for riders with smaller hands,Redesigned internal shifting unit,Greater control in all conditions for riders with smaller hands,Quick and intuitive rear shifting operation,Same light shifting operation as ULTEGRA R8000.
Precision-engineered Ultegra STI levers with hydraulic disc brakes give you control, modulation and power with minimal effort in all riding conditionsShift cables are routed under the bar tape: re-development and positioning of the internal mechanism in combination with Polymer coated cables have made this possible, providing faster, lighter and smoother shiftingVivid indexing provides a constant amount of shift lever force across all 11 sprocketsErgonomic shift arc follows natural hand movement with inward shift stroke distance reduced for rapid and precise gear changesHydraulic brake lever provides excellent stopping power with less effort especially from the hood positionHydraulic reservoir tank provides pad to rotor clearance auto-adjust maintaining braking performance during pad wearFree stroke adjustment for pad to rotor contact settingTuneable reach adjusters enable custom fitment for all handsKit contains bled ST-R8020 STI, BR-R8070 flat mount brake callipers with pads, hoses and mineral oil (without rotors or adapters).